Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. While they’re common—especially during the reproductive years—fibroids can cause a range of symptoms, from heavy bleeding and pelvic pain to fertility challenges.
If you’ve been diagnosed with fibroids or are experiencing symptoms that could be related, our team is here to provide expert evaluation and personalized treatment options.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are growths made of muscle and connective tissue. They can vary in size from tiny nodules to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus.
Fibroids may develop in different parts of the uterus:
- Intramural – within the uterine wall
- Submucosal – just beneath the uterine lining
- Subserosal – on the outer surface of the uterus
- Pedunculated – attached by a stem-like structure
Some people have just one fibroid, while others may have multiple or in different sizes.
Common Symptoms of Fibroids
Not all fibroids cause symptoms. But when they do, the most common include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Distended abdomen
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or trouble emptying the bladder
- Constipation or back pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Bloating or a sensation of fullness in the lower abdomen
- Difficulty getting pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy
If fibroids are interfering with your quality of life, it’s time to seek care.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause of fibroids isn’t fully understood, but several factors may contribute:
- Hormones – Estrogen and progesterone seem to promote fibroid growth
- Genetics – Family history increases risk
- Age – Most common between ages 30 and 50
- Race – More common and more severe in Black women
- Obesity and lifestyle factors may also play a role
- Environmental factors like smoking may play a role
Fibroids often shrink after menopause due to declining hormone levels.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically starts with a pelvic exam and a discussion of symptoms. Additional testing may include:
- Pelvic ultrasound – to confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids
- Saline infusion sonogram (SIS) – provides a clearer view of the uterine lining
- MRI – for detailed mapping of fibroids, especially before surgery
- Hysteroscopy – allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus
Accurate diagnosis helps determine the best course of treatment based on your symptoms, fertility goals, and overall health.
Treatment Options for Fibroids
Medications:
- Hormonal birth control to manage bleeding
- GnRH agonists to shrink fibroids before surgery
- Tranexamic acid to reduce menstrual blood loss
- Iron supplements if anemia is present
Minimally invasive procedures:
- Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE): Blocks blood supply to shrink fibroids
- Endometrial ablation: Destroys uterine lining to reduce bleeding (not for those wanting future pregnancies)
- Hysteroscopic myomectomy: Removes fibroids inside the uterus without incisions
Surgical options:
- Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus (good for fertility preservation)
- Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus; a permanent solution for severe symptoms when childbearing is complete
Fibroids and Fertility
Fibroids don’t always interfere with pregnancy, but some types—especially submucosal fibroids—can make it harder to conceive or increase the risk of miscarriage. If you’re trying to get pregnant or planning to in the future, we’ll take that into account when designing your care plan. However, fibroids may need to be resolved before pregnancy to reduce the increased risk of miscarriage.
Take Control of Your Health
Fibroids are common, but suffering from their symptoms isn’t something you have to accept. With the right diagnosis and treatment, most patients find lasting relief and improved quality of life.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of fibroids, schedule an appointment today to explore your options and find a path forward.